Objective: To compare the intervention effects of Kaixin San(Sun Simiao's Prescription) and Eszopiclone Tablets on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores of patients, and analyze the differences in clinical efficacy of the two drugs in improving patients sleep quality. Methods: Patients presenting with insomnia as their primary complaint at an outpatient clinic were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to either the Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment group or Western medicine treatment group. The sleep quality of patients in two groups was scored by PSQI scale. Independent-sample t-test was adopted for data comparison between the two groups before treatment, and paired-sample t-test was used for intra-group data comparison before and after treatment for statistical analysis. Results: Before treatment, the PSQI score of the traditional Chinese medicine group was (15.6±3.2) points, and that of the western medicine group was (15.35±2.9) points, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), indicating comparable baseline data. After treatment, the PSQI scores of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the PSQI score of the traditional Chinese medicine group was (8.3±3.1) points,versus (10.9±2.5) points of the western medicine group, and the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both Kaixin San(Sun Simiao's Prescription) and Eszopiclone Tablets can effectively reduce patients PSQI scores and improve sleep quality. Compared with Eszopiclone Tablets, Kaixin San (Sun Simiao's Prescription) has superior clinical effect in ameliorating patients sleep quality.