From the perspective of public security and medical prevention and control, this study aims to understand the current status and influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori cognition among rural residents in Shaanxi Province, and to construct a public health prevention and control system, so as to support the construction of a safe and healthy Shaanxi.

This study distributed two questionnaires to rural residents in Shaanxi Province, namely "Questionnaire on the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Public Se - curity Cognition among Rural Residents in Shaanxi Province" "Study on the Current Status and Improvement Paths of Helicobacter pylori Health Literacy among Rural Residents in Shaanxi Province". Questionnaire survey, interview and statistical analysis methods ( t、F、χ²) were used to analyze the current status and influencing factors of Helicobacter pylori cognition among rural residents in Shaanxi, and sug - gestions for constructing a public health security prevention and control system against Helicobacter pylori for rural residents in Shaanxi were put forward.

Among the 521 rural residents in Shaanxi included in the study, the score of Helicobacter pylori cognition level was 60±22, the awareness rate was 61.2%, and the understanding degree of public security information was (36±30)%. Gender, age, edu - cational background, history of digestive system diseases, and self-perceived importance of Helicobacter pylori research were all relevant factors affecting Helicobacter pylori cognition ( P<0.05).

Rural residents have a low level of public security information cog - nition, great individual differences, and complex influencing factors. Building a Helicobacter pylori prevention and control system, public health security framework, and medical containment mechanism in rural areas requires adherence to the principles of science populariza - tion, accessibility, medical expertise, grassroots implementation, scenario-based approaches, policy alignment, and systematic integration.